Introduction
Economics is called the science of decision-making. It explains how individuals, businesses, and governments use limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants.
The Economics Foundation Course is designed to:
Build strong fundamentals for school and college students
Provide exam-ready content for UPSC, SSC, Banking, and State PSC aspirants
Help learners understand real-world issues like inflation, GDP, unemployment, poverty, and development
1. Why Study Economics?
To understand how markets work
To analyze government policies and their impact
To prepare for competitive exams where economics is crucial
To develop financial literacy & decision-making skills
To understand national and global economies
2. Economics Syllabus (Foundation Level)
A. Microeconomics (Individual & Market Level)
Demand and Supply
Elasticity of Demand
Consumer Behavior & Utility
Production & Costs
Market Structures (Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly)
B. Macroeconomics (National Economy Level)
C. Indian Economy
Features of Indian Economy
Agriculture, Industry & Service Sectors
Poverty, Unemployment & Inequality
Planning & Five-Year Plans
Economic Reforms: LPG (1991)
Current Challenges: Digital Economy, Climate Change, Globalization
D. International Economics
WTO, IMF, World Bank
Globalization & Trade Policies
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Sustainable Development & Climate Economics
3. Preparation Strategy
Step 1: NCERT Basics
Start with NCERT Economics (Class 9–12)
Focus on conceptual clarity (demand, supply, GDP, inflation)
Step 2: Standard Books
Indian Economy – Ramesh Singh
Macroeconomics – N. Gregory Mankiw
Economic Survey & Budget Documents
Step 3: Notes & Charts
Prepare flowcharts for policies
Create tables for GDP trends, inflation, unemployment data
Step 4: Practice & Application
Solve MCQs from SSC, UPSC prelims
Write short answers for mains exams
Relate concepts with current affairs
4. Recommended Books & Resources
NCERT Economics (Class 9–12)
Ramesh Singh – Indian Economy
Mishra & Puri – Indian Economy
Economic Survey of India (latest)
Union Budget Highlights
Newspapers: The Hindu, Indian Express (Business)
Magazines: Yojana, Kurukshetra
5. Practice Exercises
Explain the law of demand with an example.
What are the causes of inflation in India?
Differentiate between GDP and GNP.
Write a note on 1991 Economic Reforms (LPG).
Discuss the role of RBI in controlling inflation.
6. Common Mistakes in Economics Preparation
Memorizing definitions without understanding concepts
Ignoring graphs and diagrams (important in exams)
Not linking economics with current events
Skipping Indian economy statistics
7. FAQs – Economics Foundation
Q1: Is Economics difficult for beginners?
A1: No, with NCERTs and simple notes, anyone can learn economics.
Q2: Which part of economics is most important for UPSC?
A2: Indian Economy + Current Affairs (budget, economic survey).
Q3: How to remember economic terms?
A3: Use examples from daily life (like petrol price for inflation).
Q4: Do I need to study world economy for exams?
A4: Only the basics for UPSC mains and interview.
Conclusion
The Economics Foundation Course provides learners with a strong conceptual base in microeconomics, macroeconomics, and the Indian economy.
It not only helps in exam preparation but also in real-life decision-making like budgeting, investments, and career planning.
By combining NCERTs, standard books, and current affairs, students can master economics with confidence.